The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of
operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated
financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion and analysis contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as
assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our
results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such
forward-looking statements. Statements that are not purely historical are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but
not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,”
“expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,”
“will,” “would” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify
forward-looking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to,
statements concerning our ability to integrate acquired businesses, the impact
of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting societal and economic changes on the
Company, the anticipated synergies and other benefits of acquired businesses and
any future acquisitions, health savings accounts and other tax-advantaged
consumer-directed benefits, tax and other regulatory changes, market
opportunity, our future financial and operating results, our investment and
acquisition strategy, our sales and marketing strategy, management’s plans,
beliefs and objectives for future operations, technology and development,
economic and industry trends or trend analysis, expectations about seasonality,
opportunity for portfolio purchases and other acquisitions, operating expenses,
anticipated income tax rates, capital expenditures, cash flows and liquidity.
These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management
based on information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements
are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause
actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future
results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that
could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to,
those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk factors”
included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31,
2022, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our other reports filed with the
SEC. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of
this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any
forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of
such events.
Overview
We are a leader and an innovator in providing technology-enabled services that
empower consumers to make healthcare saving and spending decisions. We use our
innovative technology to manage consumers’ tax-advantaged health savings
accounts (“HSAs”) and other consumer-directed benefits (“CDBs”) offered by
employers, including flexible spending accounts and health reimbursement
arrangements (“FSAs” and “HRAs”), and to administer Consolidated Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act (“COBRA”), commuter and other benefits. As part of our
services, we and our subsidiaries provide consumers with healthcare bill
evaluation and payment processing services, personalized benefit information,
including information on treatment options and comparative pricing, access to
remote and telemedicine benefits, the ability to earn wellness incentives, and
investment advice to grow their tax-advantaged healthcare savings.
The core of our offerings is the HSA, a financial account through which
consumers spend and save long-term for healthcare expenses on a tax-advantaged
basis. As of April 30, 2022, we administered 7.4 million HSAs, with balances
totaling $20.3 billion, which we call HSA Assets, as well as 7.1 million
complementary CDBs. We refer to the aggregate number of HSAs and other CDBs that
we administer as Total Accounts, of which we had 14.5 million as of April 30,
2022.
We reach consumers primarily through relationships with their employers, which
we call Clients. We reach Clients primarily through relationships with benefits
brokers and advisors, integrated partnerships with a network of health plans,
benefits administrators, benefits brokers and consultants, and retirement plan
recordkeepers, which we call Network Partners, and a sales force that calls on
Clients directly.
We have increased our share of the growing HSA market from 4% in December 2010
to 18% as of December 2021, measured by HSA Assets. According to Devenir, we are
the largest HSA provider by accounts and second largest by assets as of December
2021. In addition, we believe we are the largest provider of other CDBs. We seek
to differentiate ourselves through our proprietary technology, product breadth,
ecosystem connectivity, and service-
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driven culture. Our proprietary technology allows us to help consumers optimize
the value of their HSAs and other CDBs and gain confidence and skills in
managing their healthcare costs as part of their financial security.
Our ability to assist consumers is enhanced by our capacity to securely share
data in both directions with others in the health, benefits, and retirement
ecosystems. Our commuter benefits offering also leverages connectivity to an
ecosystem of mass transit, ride hailing, and parking providers. These strengths
reflect our “DEEP Purple” culture of remarkable service to customers and
teammates, achieved by driving excellence, ethics, and process into everything
we do.
We earn revenue primarily from three sources: service, custodial, and
interchange. We earn service revenue mainly from fees paid by Clients on a
recurring per-account per-month basis. We earn custodial revenue mainly from HSA
Assets held at our members’ direction in federally insured cash deposits,
insurance contracts or mutual funds, and from investment of Client-held funds.
We earn interchange revenue mainly from fees paid by merchants on payments that
our members make using our physical payment cards and on our virtual payment
system. See “Key components of our results of operations” for additional
information on our sources of revenue, including the adverse impacts caused by
the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting societal and economic changes.
Recent acquisitions
Luum acquisition. In March 2021, we bolstered our commuter offering by acquiring
100% of the outstanding capital stock of Fort Effect Corp, d/b/a Luum (the “Luum
Acquisition”). The aggregate purchase price for the acquisition consisted of
$56.2 million in cash. Luum provides employers with various commuter services,
including access to real-time commute data, to help them design and implement
flexible return-to-office and hybrid-workplace strategies and benefits.
Fifth Third Bank HSA portfolio acquisition. In September 2021, we acquired the
Fifth Third Bank, National Association (“Fifth Third”) HSA portfolio, which
consisted of $490.0 million of HSA Assets held in approximately 160,000 HSAs in
exchange for a purchase price of $60.8 million in cash.
Further acquisition. In November 2021, we acquired the Further business (other
than Further’s voluntary employee beneficiary association business), a leading
provider of HSA and other CDB administration services, with approximately
580,000 HSAs and $1.9 billion of HSA Assets, for $455 million in cash (the
“Further Acquisition”). We expect merger integration expenses attributable to
the Further Acquisition totaling approximately $55 million to be incurred over a
period of approximately three years from the acquisition date.
HealthSavings HSA portfolio acquisition. In March 2022, we acquired the Health
Savings Administrators, L.L.C. (“HealthSavings”) HSA portfolio, which consisted
of $1.3 billion of HSA Assets held in approximately 87,000 HSAs in exchange for
a purchase price of $60 million in cash.
Key factors affecting our performance
We believe that our future performance will be driven by a number of factors,
including those identified below. Each of these factors presents both
significant opportunities and significant risks to our future performance. See
also “Results of operations – Revenue” for information relating to the COVID-19
pandemic and resulting societal and economic changes, and also the section
entitled “Risk factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our
other reports filed with the SEC.
Our acquisition and integration strategy
We have historically acquired HSA portfolios and businesses that strengthen our
service offerings. We plan to continue this growth strategy and are regularly
engaged in evaluating different opportunities. We have developed an internal
capability to source, evaluate, and integrate acquired HSA portfolios. Our
success depends in part on our ability to successfully integrate acquired
businesses and HSA portfolios with our business in an efficient and effective
manner and to realize anticipated synergies.
Structural change in U.S. health insurance
We derive revenue primarily from healthcare-related saving and spending by
consumers in the U.S., which are driven by changes in the broader healthcare
industry, including the structure of health insurance. The average premium for
employer-sponsored health insurance has risen by 22% since 2016 and 47% since
2011, resulting in increased participation in HSA-qualified health plans and
HSAs and increased consumer cost-sharing in health insurance more generally. We
believe that continued growth in healthcare costs and related factors will spur
continued growth in HSA-qualified health plans and HSAs and may encourage policy
changes making HSAs or similar vehicles available to new populations such as
individuals in Medicare. However, the timing and impact of
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these and other developments in U.S. healthcare are uncertain. Moreover, changes
in healthcare policy, such as “Medicare for all” plans, could materially and
adversely affect our business in ways that are difficult to predict.
Trends in U.S. tax law
Tax law has a profound impact on our business. Our offerings to members,
Clients, and Network Partners consist primarily of services enabled, mandated,
or advantaged by provisions of U.S. tax law and regulations. Changes in tax
policy are speculative and may affect our business in ways that are difficult to
predict.
Our client base
Our business model is based on a B2B2C distribution strategy, whereby we work
with Network Partners and Clients to reach consumers to increase the number of
our members with HSA accounts and complementary CDBs. We believe that there are
significant opportunities to expand the scope of services that we provide to our
current Clients.
Broad distribution footprint
We believe we have a diverse distribution footprint to attract new Clients and
Network Partners. Our sales force calls on enterprise and regional employers in
industries across the U.S., as well as potential Network Partners from among
health plans, benefits administrators, and retirement plan record keepers.
Product breadth
We are the largest custodian and administrator of HSAs (by number of accounts),
as well as a market-share leader in each of the major categories of
complementary CDBs, including FSAs and HRAs, COBRA and commuter benefits
administration. Our Clients and their benefits advisors increasingly seek HSA
providers that can deliver an integrated offering of HSAs and complementary
CDBs. With our CDB capabilities, we can provide employers with a single partner
for both HSAs and complementary CDBs, which is preferred by the vast majority of
employers, according to research conducted for us by Aite Group. We believe that
the combination of HSA and complementary CDB offerings significantly strengthens
our value proposition to employers, health benefits brokers and consultants, and
Network Partners as a leading single-source provider.
Our proprietary technology
We believe that innovations incorporated in our technology, which enable us to
better assist consumers to make healthcare saving and spending decisions and
maximize the value of their tax-advantaged benefits, differentiate us from our
competitors and drive our growth. Our full suite of CDB offerings complements
our HSA solution and enhances our leadership position within the HSA sector. We
intend to continue to invest in our technology development to enhance our
capabilities and infrastructure, while maintaining a focus on data security and
the privacy of our customers’ data. For example, we are making significant
investments in the architecture and infrastructure of the technology that we use
to provide our services to improve our transaction processing capabilities and
support continued account and transaction growth, as well as in data-driven
personalized engagement to help our members spend less, save more, and build
wealth for retirement.
Our “DEEP Purple” service culture
The successful healthcare consumer needs education and guidance delivered by
people as well as by technology. We believe that our “DEEP Purple” culture,
which we define as driving excellence, ethics, and process while providing
remarkable service, is a significant factor in our ability to attract and retain
customers and to address nimbly, opportunities in the rapidly changing
healthcare sector. We make significant efforts to promote and foster DEEP Purple
within our workforce. We invest in and intend to continue to invest in human
capital through technology-enabled training, career development, and advancement
opportunities.
Interest rates
As a non-bank custodian, our members’ custodial HSA cash assets are held by
either our federally insured bank and credit union partners, which we
collectively call our Depository Partners (our “Basic Rates” offering), pursuant
to contractual arrangements we have with these Depository Partners, or by our
insurance company partners through group annuity contracts or other similar
arrangements (our “Enhanced Rates” offering). We earn a material portion of our
total revenue from interest paid to us by these partners.
The lengths of our agreements with Depository Partners typically range from
three to five years and may have fixed or variable interest rate terms. The
terms of new and renewing agreements with our Depository Partners may be
impacted by the then-prevailing interest rate environment, which in turn is
driven by macroeconomic factors and
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government policies over which we have no control. Such factors, and the
response of our competitors to them, also determine the amount of interest
retained by our members.
HSA members who place their HSA cash into our Enhanced Rates offering receive a
higher yield compared to our Basic Rates offering. An increase in the percentage
of HSA cash held in our Enhanced Rates offering also positively impacts our
custodial revenues, as we generally receive a higher yield on HSA cash held by
our insurance company partners compared to cash held by our Depository Partners.
As with our Depository Partners, yields paid by our insurance company partners
may be impacted by the prevailing interest rate environment, which in turn is
driven by macroeconomic factors and government policies over which we have no
control. Such factors, and the response of our competitors to them, also
determine the amount of interest retained by our members.
We believe that diversification of Depository Partners and insurance company
partners, varied contract terms, and other factors reduce our exposure to
short-term fluctuations in prevailing interest rates and mitigate the short-term
impact of sustained increases or declines in prevailing interest rates on our
custodial revenue. Over longer periods, sustained shifts in prevailing interest
rates affect the amount of custodial revenue we can realize on custodial assets
and the interest retained by our members.
Although interest rates have increased, we expect our custodial revenue to
continue to be adversely affected by the interest rate cuts by the Federal
Reserve at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of demand from
Depository Partners for deposits, and other market conditions that have caused
our average annualized yield on HSA cash to decline significantly.
Interest on our term loan facility changes frequently due to variable interest
rate terms, and as a result, our interest expense is expected to fluctuate based
on changes in prevailing interest rates.
Our competition and industry
Our direct competitors are HSA custodians and other CDB providers. Many of these
are state or federally chartered banks and other financial institutions for
which we believe benefits administration services are not a core business. Some
of our direct competitors (including healthcare service companies such as United
Health Group’s Optum, Webster Bank, and well-known retail investment companies,
such as Fidelity Investments) are in a position to devote more resources to the
development, sale, and support of their products and services than we have at
our disposal. Our other CDB administration competitors include health insurance
carriers, human resources consultants and outsourcers, payroll providers,
national CDB specialists, regional third-party administrators, and commercial
banks. In addition, numerous indirect competitors, including benefits
administration service providers, partner with banks and other HSA custodians to
compete with us. Our Network Partners may also choose to offer competitive
services directly, as some health plans have done. Our success depends on our
ability to predict and react quickly to these and other industry and competitive
dynamics.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen a significant decline in the
use of commuter benefits due to many of our members working from home, which has
negatively impacted both our interchange revenue and service revenue, and this
“work from home” trend, or hybrid work environments, may continue indefinitely.
Regulatory environment
Federal law and regulations, including the Affordable Care Act, the Internal
Revenue Code, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and Department of
Labor regulations, and public health regulations that govern the provision of
health insurance and provide the tax advantages associated with our services,
play a pivotal role in determining our market opportunity. Privacy and data
security-related laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act, or HIPAA, and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, laws governing the
provision of investment advice to consumers, such as the Investment Advisers Act
of 1940, or the Advisers Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, anti-money laundering laws,
and the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, all play a similar role in determining
our competitive landscape. In addition, state-level regulations also have
significant implications for our business in some cases. For example, our
subsidiary HealthEquity Trust Company is regulated by the Wyoming Division of
Banking, and several states are considering, or have already passed, new privacy
regulations that can affect our business. Various states also have laws and
regulations that impose additional restrictions on our collection, storage, and
use of personally identifiable information. Privacy regulation in particular has
become a priority issue in many states, including California, which in 2018
enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act broadly regulating California
residents’ personal information and providing California residents with various
rights to access and control their data, and the new California Privacy Rights
Act. We have also seen an increase in regulatory changes related to our services
due to government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and may continue to see
additional regulatory changes. Our ability to predict and react quickly to
relevant legal and regulatory trends and to correctly interpret their market and
competitive implications is important to our success.
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On February 18, 2022, President Biden formally continued the National Emergency
Concerning COVID-19, which tolls certain deadlines related to COBRA and other
CDBs and increases the complexity of properly administering these programs. Each
national emergency declaration generally lasts for one year unless the President
announces an earlier termination.
Key financial and operating metrics
Our management regularly reviews a number of key operating and financial metrics
to evaluate our business, determine the allocation of our resources, make
decisions regarding corporate strategies and evaluate forward-looking
projections and trends affecting our business. We discuss certain of these key
financial metrics, including revenue, below in the section entitled “Key
components of our results of operations.” In addition, we utilize other key
metrics as described below.
Total Accounts
The following table sets forth our HSAs, CDBs, and Total Accounts as of and for
the periods indicated:
(in thousands, except percentages) April 30, 2022 April 30, 2021 % Change January 31, 2022
HSAs 7,359 5,846 26 % 7,207
New HSAs from sales – Quarter-to-date 159 115 38 % 472
New HSAs from sales – Year-to-date 159 115 38 % 918
New HSAs from acquisitions – Year-to-date 90 – n/a 740
HSAs with investments 506 371 36 % 455
CDBs 7,095 6,986 2 % 7,192
Total Accounts 14,454 12,832 13 % 14,399
Average Total Accounts – Quarter-to-date 14,427 12,870 12 % 14,326
Average Total Accounts – Year-to-date 14,427 12,870 12 % 13,450
The number of our HSAs and CDBs are key metrics because our revenue is driven by
the amount we earn from them. The number of our HSAs increased by 1.5 million,
or 26%, from April 30, 2021 to April 30, 2022, primarily driven by new HSAs from
sales, HSAs acquired through the Further Acquisition, the Fifth Third
acquisition, the HealthSavings acquisition, and other HSA portfolio
acquisitions. The number of our CDBs increased by 0.1 million, or 2%, from
April 30, 2021 to April 30, 2022, primarily driven by CDBs acquired through the
Further Acquisition, partially offset by a decrease in FSA accounts and COBRA
accounts.
HSA Assets
The following table sets forth HSA Assets as of and for the periods indicated:
(in millions, except percentages)
April 30, 2022 April 30, 2021 % Change January 31, 2022
HSA cash $ 12,935 $ 10,026 29 % $ 12,943
HSA investments 7,330 4,987 47 % 6,675
Total HSA Assets 20,265 15,013 35 % 19,618
Average daily HSA cash – Year-to-date 12,910 10,051 28 % 10,579
Average daily HSA cash – Quarter-to-date 12,910 10,051 28 % 12,118
HSA Assets includes our HSA members’ custodial assets, which consists of the
following components: (i) HSA cash, which includes cash deposits held by our
Depository Partners and our insurance company partners, and (ii) HSA investments
in mutual funds through our custodial investment fund partners. Measuring HSA
Assets is important because our custodial revenue is directly affected by
average daily custodial balances for HSA Assets that are revenue generating.
HSA cash increased by $2.9 billion, or 29%, from April 30, 2021 to April 30,
2022, due primarily to HSA cash transferred to us as part of the Further
Acquisition, net HSA contributions from new and existing HSA members, and
acquisitions of HSA portfolios, partially offset by transfers to HSA
investments.
HSA investments increased by $2.3 billion, or 47%, from April 30, 2021 to
April 30, 2022, due primarily to the HealthSavings acquisition, other HSA
portfolio acquisitions, and transfers from HSA cash.
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Total HSA Assets increased by $5.3 billion, or 35%, from April 30, 2021 to
April 30, 2022, due primarily to HSA Assets transferred to us as part of the
Further Acquisition, the Fifth Third acquisition, the HealthSavings acquisition,
and other HSA portfolio acquisitions, and net HSA contributions from new and
existing HSA members.
Client-held funds
(in millions, except percentages) April 30, 2022 April 30, 2021 % Change January 31, 2022
Client-held funds $ 872 $ 903 (3) % $ 897
Average daily Client-held funds –
Year-to-date 865 899 (4) % 842
Average daily Client-held funds –
Quarter-to-date 865 899 (4) % 822
Client-held funds are interest-earning deposits from which we generate custodial
revenue. These deposits are amounts remitted by Clients and held by us on their
behalf to pre-fund and facilitate administration of CDBs. We deposit the
Client-held funds with our Depository Partners in interest-bearing, demand
deposit accounts that have a floating interest rate and no set term or duration.
Client-held funds fluctuate depending on the timing of funding and spending of
CDB balances and the number of CDBs we administer.
Adjusted EBITDA
We define Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP financial metric, as adjusted
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, amortization of
acquired intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, merger integration
expenses, acquisition costs, gains and losses on equity securities, amortization
of incremental costs to obtain a contract, costs associated with unused office
space, and certain other non-operating items. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA
provides useful information to investors and analysts in understanding and
evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and our
board of directors because it reflects operating profitability before
consideration of non-operating expenses and non-cash expenses and serves as a
basis for comparison against other companies in our industry.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss, the most comparable
GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:
Three months ended April 30,
(in thousands) 2022 2021
Net loss $ (13,639) $ (2,615)
Interest income (52) (408)
Interest expense 10,461 6,689
Income tax benefit (4,412) (3,451)
Depreciation and amortization 15,788 11,954
Amortization of acquired intangible assets 23,698 19,814
Stock-based compensation expense 13,986 12,799
Merger integration expenses 9,294 8,807
Acquisition costs (1) 6 5,939
Amortization of incremental costs to obtain a contract 1,067 1,272
Costs associated with unused office space 1,294 –
Other 844 (1,826)
Adjusted EBITDA $ 58,335 $ 58,974
(1)For the three months ended April 30, 2021, acquisition costs included $0.3
million of stock-based compensation expense.
The following table further sets forth our Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of
revenue:
Three months ended April 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Adjusted EBITDA $ 58,335 $ 58,974 $ (639) (1) %
As a percentage of revenue 28 % 32 %
Our Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $0.6 million, less than 1%, from $59.0 million
for the three months ended April 30, 2021 to $58.3 million for the three months
ended April 30, 2022, primarily due to increases in personnel and related costs,
largely offset by an increase in total revenue.
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Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and it should
not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as
reported under GAAP.
Key components of our results of operations
Revenue
We generate revenue from three primary sources: service revenue, custodial
revenue, and interchange revenue.
Service revenue. We earn service revenue from the fees we charge our Network
Partners, Clients, and members for the administration services we provide in
connection with the HSAs and other CDBs we offer. With respect to our Network
Partners and Clients, our fees are generally based on a fixed tiered structure
for the duration of the relevant service agreement and are paid to us on a
monthly basis. We recognize revenue on a monthly basis as services are rendered
to our members and Clients.
Custodial revenue. We earn custodial revenue primarily from HSA Assets held by
our Depository Partners or our insurance company partners, recordkeeping fees we
earn in respect of mutual funds in which our members invest, and Client-held
funds deposited with our Depository Partners. HSA cash held by our Depository
Partners is held pursuant to contracts that (i) typically have terms ranging
from three to five years, (ii) provide for a fixed or variable interest rate
payable on the average daily cash balances held by the relevant Depository
Partner, and (iii) have minimum and maximum required balances. HSA cash held by
our insurance company partners is held in group annuity contracts or similar
arrangements. Client-held funds held by our Depository Partners are held in
interest-bearing, demand deposit accounts that have a floating interest rate and
no set term or duration. We earn custodial revenue on HSA Assets and Client-held
funds that is based on the interest rates offered to us by these Depository
Partners and insurance company partners. In addition, once a member’s HSA cash
balance reaches a certain threshold, the member is able to invest his or her HSA
Assets in mutual funds through our custodial investment partner from which we
earn a recordkeeping fee, calculated as a percentage of custodial investments.
Interchange revenue. We earn interchange revenue each time one of our members
uses one of our physical payment cards or virtual platforms to make a purchase.
This revenue is collected each time a member “swipes” our payment card to pay
expenses. We recognize interchange revenue monthly based on reports received
from third parties, namely, the card-issuing banks and card processors.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue includes costs related to servicing accounts, managing Client
and Network Partner relationships and processing reimbursement claims.
Expenditures include personnel-related costs, depreciation, amortization,
stock-based compensation, common expense allocations (such as office rent,
supplies, and other overhead expenses), new member and participant supplies, and
other operating costs related to servicing our members. Other components of cost
of revenue include interest retained by members on HSA cash and interchange
costs incurred in connection with processing card transactions for our members.
Service costs. Service costs include the servicing costs described above.
Additionally, for new accounts, we incur on-boarding costs associated with the
new accounts, such as new member welcome kits, the cost associated with issuance
of new payment cards, and costs of marketing materials that we produce for our
Network Partners.
Custodial costs. Custodial costs are comprised of interest retained by our HSA
members, in respect of HSA cash with yield, and fees we pay to banking
consultants whom we use to help secure agreements with our Depository Partners.
Interest retained by HSA members is calculated on a tiered basis. The interest
rates retained by HSA members can change based on a formula or upon required
notice.
Interchange costs. Interchange costs are comprised of costs we incur in
connection with processing payment transactions initiated by our members. Due to
the substantiation requirement on FSA/HRA-linked payment card transactions,
payment card costs are higher for FSA/HRA card transactions. In addition to
fixed per card fees, we are assessed additional transaction costs determined by
the amount of the transaction.
Gross profit and gross margin
Our gross profit is our total revenue minus our total cost of revenue, and our
gross margin is our gross profit expressed as a percentage of our total revenue.
Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a number of
factors, including interest rates, the amount we charge our Network Partners,
Clients, and members, the mix of our sources of revenue, how many services we
deliver per account, and payment processing costs per account.
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Operating expenses
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of
personnel and related expenses for our sales and marketing staff, including
sales commissions for our direct sales force, external agent/broker commission
expenses, marketing expenses, depreciation, amortization, stock-based
compensation, and common expense allocations.
Technology and development. Technology and development expenses include
personnel and related expenses for software development and delivery, licensed
software, information technology, data management, product, and security.
Technology and development expenses also include software engineering services,
the costs of operating our on-demand technology infrastructure, depreciation,
amortization of capitalized software development costs, stock-based
compensation, and common expense allocations.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses include
personnel and related expenses of, and professional fees incurred by our
executive, finance, legal, internal audit, corporate development, compliance,
and people departments. They also include depreciation, amortization,
stock-based compensation, and common expense allocations.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets. Amortization of acquired intangible
assets results primarily from intangible assets acquired in connection with
business combinations. The assets include acquired customer relationships,
acquired developed technology, and acquired trade names and trademarks, which we
amortize over the assets’ estimated useful lives, estimated to be 7-15 years,
2-5 years, and 3 years, respectively. We also acquired intangible HSA portfolios
from third-party custodians. We amortize these assets over the assets’ estimated
useful life of 15 years. We evaluate our acquired intangible assets for
impairment annually, or at a triggering event.
Merger integration. Merger integration expenses include personnel and related
expenses, including severance, professional fees, legal expenses, and facilities
and technology expenses directly related to integration activities to merge
operations as a result of acquisitions.
Interest expense
Interest expense primarily consists of accrued interest expense and amortization
of deferred financing costs associated with our long-term debt. Interest on our
term loan facility changes frequently due to variable interest rate terms, and
as a result, our interest expense is expected to fluctuate based on changes in
prevailing interest rates.
Other expense, net
Other expense, net, consists of acquisition costs, interest income earned on
corporate cash and other miscellaneous income and expense.
Income tax benefit
We are subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States based on a
January 31 fiscal year end. We use the asset and liability method to account for
income taxes, under which current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for
the estimated taxes payable or refundable on the tax returns for the current
fiscal year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future
tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax
bases, net operating loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted statutory tax rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be realized or settled. Valuation allowances are
established when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount
expected to be realized. As of April 30, 2022, we have recorded a valuation
allowance on certain state deferred tax assets and maintained an overall net
federal and state deferred tax liability on our condensed consolidated balance
sheet.
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Comparison of the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021
Revenue
The following table sets forth our revenue for the periods indicated:
Three months ended April
30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Service revenue $ 104,348 $ 102,534 $ 1,814 2 %
Custodial revenue 59,365 46,978 12,387 26 %
Interchange revenue 41,966 34,690 7,276 21 %
Total revenue $ 205,679 $ 184,202 $ 21,477 12 %
Service revenue. The $1.8 million, or 2%, increase in service revenue from the
three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was
primarily due to new revenue from acquired businesses and HSA portfolios, and
new HSAs from sales, partially offset by lower average service fees per account.
Custodial revenue. The $12.4 million, or 26%, increase in custodial revenue from
the three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30, 2022
was primarily due to the $2.9 billion, or 28%, increase in the year-over-year
average daily balance of HSA cash. The increase was partially offset by a
decrease in average annualized yield from 1.79% for the three months ended
April 30, 2021 to 1.69% for the three months ended April 30, 2022, which was due
in part to HSA cash that was placed with our Depository Partners following the
interest rate cuts made by the Federal Reserve at the beginning of the COVID-19
pandemic, and by transfers from HSA cash to HSA investments.
Interchange revenue. The $7.3 million, or 21%, increase in interchange revenue
from the three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30,
2022 was primarily due to an increase in accounts and increased spend per
account.
Total revenue. Total revenue increased $21.5 million, or 12%, from the three
months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30, 2022 due to the
increases in service, custodial, and interchange revenues described above.
Impact of COVID-19. Our business has been adversely affected by the COVID-19
pandemic, and we expect that it will continue to be adversely affected by
related societal and economic changes. Although interest rates have increased
from their pandemic lows, a majority of our members’ HSA cash is deposited with
our Depository Partners pursuant to contracts that have fixed interest rate
terms, typically ranging from three to five years, which reduces the short-term
impact of an increase or decline in prevailing interest rates on our custodial
revenue. As a result, the yield we currently receive from our Depository
Partners and insurance company partners remains significantly below the levels
seen before the pandemic. Our financial results related to certain of our
products have also been adversely affected, such as commuter benefits, due to
many of our members working from home during the outbreak, and the “work from
home” trend, or hybrid work environments, may continue indefinitely. In
particular, the increased spread of COVID-19 in early 2022 and the associated
decisions by employers to delay return-to-office plans for their employees
further delayed the recovery of use of these commuter benefits. During the
initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and during subsequent increases in
COVID-19 cases, we saw a negative impact on our members’ spend on healthcare,
which negatively impacted both our interchange revenue and service revenue. Our
compliance with proposed COVID-19 vaccine mandates has resulted in, and could
continue to result in, increased team member attrition, absenteeism, and
associated costs. We may be unable to meet our service level commitments to our
Clients as a result of disruptions to our work force and disruptions to
third-party contracts that we rely on to provide our services. The extent to
which the COVID-19 pandemic and any longer lasting impacts on the usage of our
services will continue to negatively impact our business remains highly
uncertain and as a result may have a material adverse impact on our business and
financial results.
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Cost of revenue
The following table sets forth our cost of revenue for the periods indicated:
Three months ended April
30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Service costs $ 80,874 $ 70,632 $ 10,242 15 %
Custodial costs 6,641 5,009 1,632 33 %
Interchange costs 6,991 5,445 1,546 28 %
Total cost of revenue $ 94,506 $ 81,086 $ 13,420 17 %
Service costs. The $10.2 million, or 15%, increase in service costs from the
three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was
primarily due to the inclusion of Further’s results of operations and an
increase in personnel costs to support the increase in average Total Accounts.
Custodial costs. The $1.6 million, or 33%, increase in custodial costs from the
three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was
due to an increase in the average daily balance of HSA cash, which increased
from $10.1 billion for the three months ended April 30, 2021 to $12.9 billion
for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and an associated increase in interest
retained by HSA members, partially offset by a lower average annualized rate of
interest retained by HSA members on HSA cash, which decreased from 0.18% for the
three months ended April 30, 2021 to 0.16% for the three months ended April 30,
2022.
Interchange costs. The $1.5 million, or 28%, increase in interchange costs from
the three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30, 2022
was due to an increase in accounts and increased spend per account.
Total cost of revenue. As we continue to add Total Accounts, we expect that our
cost of revenue will increase in dollar amount to support our Network Partners,
Clients, and members. On an annual basis, we expect our cost of revenue to
continue to increase as a percentage of our total revenue, primarily due to the
inclusion of a full year of Further’s results of operations and expected
increases in stock-based compensation. Cost of revenue will continue to be
affected by a number of different factors, including our ability to scale our
service delivery, Network Partner implementation, account management functions,
realized synergies, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Operating expenses
The following table sets forth our operating expenses for the periods indicated:
Three months ended April 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change
Sales and marketing $ 16,560 $ 14,086 $ 2,474 18 %
Technology and development 45,183 35,469 9,714 27 %
General and administrative 23,727 20,687 3,040 15 %
Amortization of acquired intangible
assets 23,698 19,814 3,884 20 %
Merger integration 9,294 8,807 487 6 %
Total operating expenses $ 118,462 $ 98,863 $ 19,599 20 %
Sales and marketing. The $2.5 million, or 18%, increase in sales and marketing
expense from the three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three months ended
April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the inclusion of Further’s results of
operations, an increase in marketing expenses from increased staffing and
marketing collateral costs, and increases in team member and partner
commissions.
We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase for the foreseeable
future as we focus on our cross-selling program and marketing campaigns. On an
annual basis, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase
as a percentage of our total revenue, primarily due to the inclusion of a full
year of Further’s results of operations and expected increases in stock-based
compensation. However, our sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a
percentage of our total revenue from period to period due to the seasonality of
our total revenue and the timing and extent of our sales and marketing expenses.
Technology and development. The $9.7 million, or 27%, increase in technology and
development expense from the three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three
months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the inclusion
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of Further’s results of operations and increases in amortization, stock-based
compensation, and personnel-related expenses.
We expect our technology and development expenses to increase for the
foreseeable future as we continue to invest in the development and security of
our proprietary technology. On an annual basis, we expect our technology and
development expenses to continue to increase as a percentage of our total
revenue, primarily due to the inclusion of a full year of Further’s results of
operations, expected increases in stock-based compensation, and our growth
initiatives. Our technology and development expenses may fluctuate as a
percentage of our total revenue from period to period due to the seasonality of
our total revenue and the timing and extent of our technology and development
expenses.
General and administrative. The $3.0 million, or 15%, increase in general and
administrative expense from the three months ended April 30, 2021 to the three
months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the inclusion of Further’s
results of operations and increases in personnel-related expenses and
stock-based compensation.
We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase for the
foreseeable future due to the additional demands on our legal, compliance, and
accounting functions that we incur as we continue to grow our business. On an
annual basis, we expect our general and administrative expenses to increase as a
percentage of our total revenue, primarily due to the inclusion of a full year
of Further’s results of operations, expected increases in stock-based
compensation, and our growth initiatives. Our general and administrative
expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period to
period due to the seasonality of our total revenue and the timing and extent of
our general and administrative expenses.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets. The $3.9 million, or 20%, increase
in amortization of acquired intangible assets from the three months ended
April 30, 2021 to the three months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to the
inclusion of amortization related to identified intangible assets acquired
through the Further Acquisition commencing November 1, 2021 and the Luum
Acquisition commencing March 8, 2021. The remainder of the increase was due to
amortization of acquired HSA portfolios, including the Fifth Third and
HealthSavings HSA portfolios.
Merger integration. The $9.3 million in merger integration expense for the three
months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to personnel and related expenses,
including expenses incurred in conjunction with the migration of accounts,
professional fees, and technology-related expenses directly related to the
Further Acquisition and certain ongoing merger integration expenses related to
the acquisition of our wholly owned subsidiary WageWorks, Inc. (“WageWorks”),
including ongoing lease expense related to WageWorks offices that have been
permanently closed, less any related sublease income, professional fees
associated with the remediation of remaining material weaknesses in internal
control over financial reporting, and costs associated with remaining platform
migrations. We expect merger integration expenses attributable to the Further
Acquisition totaling approximately $55 million to be incurred over a period of
approximately three years from the acquisition date.
Interest expense
The $10.5 million in interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2022
consisted primarily of interest accrued on our long-term debt and amortization
of debt discount and issuance costs. On an annual basis, we expect interest
expense to increase, primarily from the inclusion of a full year of interest
expense we will incur on the $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of the
Notes, which were issued in October 2021, and due to the impact of increased
interest rates on our term loan facility, which had an outstanding principal
balance of $347.8 million as of April 30, 2022. The interest rate on our term
loan facility and Revolving Credit Facility is variable and, accordingly, we may
incur additional expense if interest rates increase in future periods.
Other expense, net
The $3.3 million decrease in other expense, net, from $3.6 million during the
three months ended April 30, 2021 to $0.3 million during the three months ended
April 30, 2022 was primarily due to a $5.9 million decrease in acquisition
costs, partially offset by a $2.6 million decrease in interest and other income,
net.
Income tax benefit
For the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded an income tax
benefit of $4.4 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The increase in income
tax benefit was primarily the result of increased pre-tax book loss and a
corresponding increase in benefit for state income taxes, partially offset by an
increase in nondeductible executive compensation and a decrease in excess tax
benefits on stock-based compensation and research and development tax credits.
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Seasonality
Seasonal concentration of our growth combined with our recurring revenue model
create seasonal variation in our results of operations. Revenue results are
seasonally impacted due to ancillary service fees, timing of HSA contributions,
and timing of card spend. Cost of revenue is seasonally impacted as a
significant number of new and existing Network Partners bring us new HSAs and
CDBs beginning in January of each year concurrent with the start of many
employers’ benefit plan years. Before we realize any revenue from these new
accounts, we incur costs related to implementing and supporting our new Network
Partners and new accounts. These costs of services relate to activating accounts
and hiring additional staff, including seasonal help to support our member
support center. These expenses begin to ramp up during our third fiscal quarter,
with the majority of expenses incurred in our fourth fiscal quarter.
Liquidity and capital resources
Cash and cash equivalents overview
Our principal sources of liquidity are our current cash and cash equivalents
balances, collections from our service, custodial, and interchange revenue
activities, and availability under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined
below). We rely on cash provided by operating activities to meet our short-term
liquidity requirements, which primarily relate to the payment of corporate
payroll and other operating costs, principal and interest payments on our
long-term debt, and capital expenditures.
As of April 30, 2022 and January 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents were $161.2
million and $225.4 million, respectively.
Capital resources
We maintain a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 on file with the SEC.
A shelf registration statement, which includes a base prospectus, allows us at
any time to offer any combination of securities described in the prospectus in
one or more offerings. Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus
supplement accompanying the base prospectus, we would use the net proceeds from
the sale of any securities offered pursuant to the shelf registration statement
for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, working capital,
sales and marketing activities, general and administrative matters, capital
expenditures, and repayment of indebtedness, and if opportunities arise, for the
acquisition of, or investment in, assets, technologies, solutions or businesses
that complement our business. Pending such uses, we may invest the net proceeds
in interest-bearing securities. In addition, we may conduct concurrent or other
financings at any time.
Our credit agreement includes a five-year senior secured revolving credit
facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), in an aggregate principal amount of
up to $1.0 billion, which may be used for working capital and general corporate
purposes, including the financing of acquisitions and other investments. For a
description of the terms of the credit agreement, refer to Note 8-Indebtedness.
As of April 30, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding under the Revolving
Credit Facility. We were in compliance with all covenants under the credit
agreement as of April 30, 2022, and for the period then ended.
Use of cash
On March 2, 2022, we completed our acquisition of the HealthSavings HSA
portfolio in exchange for a purchase price of $60 million in cash.
Capital expenditures for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 were
$14.8 million and $18.0 million, respectively. We expect to continue our current
level of increased capital expenditures for the remainder of the fiscal year
ending January 31, 2023 as we continue to devote a significant amount of our
capital expenditures to improving the architecture and functionality of our
proprietary systems. Costs to improve the architecture of our proprietary
systems include computer hardware, personnel and related costs for software
engineering and outsourced software engineering services.
We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, and Revolving Credit Facility
will be sufficient to meet our operating and capital expenditure requirements
for at least the next 12 months. To the extent these current and anticipated
future sources of liquidity are insufficient to fund our future business
activities and requirements, we may need to raise additional funds through
public or private equity or debt financing. In the event that additional
financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on favorable terms, if at
all.
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The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing
activities, and financing activities for the stated periods:
Three months ended April 30,
(in thousands) 2022 2021
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 7,077 $ 30,918
Net cash used in investing activities (74,203) (67,801)
Net cash provided by financing activities 2,959 444,853
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (64,167) 407,970
Beginning cash and cash equivalents 225,414 328,803
Ending cash and cash equivalents $ 161,247
$ 736,773
Cash flows from operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities
during the three months ended April 30, 2022 resulted from a net loss of $13.6
million, plus depreciation and amortization expense of $39.5 million,
stock-based compensation expense of $14.0 million, and amortization of debt
discount and issuance costs of $0.8 million, partially offset by other non-cash
items and working capital changes totaling $33.6 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended April
30, 2021 resulted from a net loss of $2.6 million, plus depreciation and
amortization expense of $31.8 million, stock-based compensation expense of $12.8
million, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $1.2 million, partially
offset by other non-cash items and working capital changes totaling $12.3
million.
Cash flows from investing activities. Cash used in investing activities for the
three months ended April 30, 2022 resulted from $59.4 million in acquisitions of
intangible member assets, $13.6 million in software and capitalized software
development, and $1.2 million in purchases of property and equipment.
Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended April 30, 2021
resulted from the Luum Acquisition for $49.5 million, net of cash acquired,
$15.5 million in software and capitalized software development, $2.5 million in
purchases of property and equipment, and $0.3 million in acquisitions of
intangible member assets.
Cash flows from financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities
during the three months ended April 30, 2022 resulted from $2.3 million received
in the settlement of Client-held funds obligations, net, and the exercise of
stock options of $2.8 million. These items were partially offset by $2.2 million
of principal payments on our long-term debt.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended April
30, 2021 resulted from $456.6 million of net proceeds from our follow-on public
offering of 5,750,000 shares of common stock and the exercise of stock options
of $4.2 million. These items were partially offset by $15.6 million of principal
payments on our long-term debt and $0.4 million used in the settlement of
Client-held funds obligation, net.
Contractual obligations
See Note 6-Commitments and contingencies for information about our contractual
obligations.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
As of April 30, 2022, other than outstanding letters of credit issued under our
Revolving Credit Facility, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
The majority of the standby letters of credit expire within one year. However,
in the ordinary course of business, we will continue to renew or modify the
terms of the letters of credit to support business requirements. The letters of
credit are contingent liabilities, supported by our Revolving Credit Facility,
and are not reflected on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Critical accounting policies and significant management estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations are based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of
these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make
estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities,
revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our critical accounting
policies and estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on
various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable in the circumstances,
the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying
values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other
sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different
assumptions and conditions.
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Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 of the
accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and in Note 1
to our audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. There have been no
significant or material changes in our critical accounting policies during the
three months ended April 30, 2022, as compared to those disclosed in
“Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations – Critical accounting policies and significant management estimates”
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022.
Recent accounting pronouncements
See Note 1-Summary of business and significant accounting policies within the
interim financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for further discussion.
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